Saturday, December 31, 2011

Stanford archives offer window into Apple origins (AP)

PALO ALTO, Calf. ? In the interview, Steve Wozniak and the late Steve Jobs recall a seminal moment in Silicon Valley history ? how they named their upstart computer company some 35 years ago.

"I remember driving down Highway 85," Wozniak says. "We're on the freeway, and Steve mentions, `I've got a name: Apple Computer.' We kept thinking of other alternatives to that name, and we couldn't think of anything better."

Adds Jobs: "And also remember that I worked at Atari, and it got us ahead of Atari in the phonebook."

The interview, recorded for an in-house video for company employees in the mid-1980s, was among a storehouse of materials Apple had been collecting for a company museum. But in 1997, soon after Jobs returned to the company, Apple officials contacted Stanford University and offered to donate the collection to the school's Silicon Valley Archives.

Within a few days, Stanford curators were at Apple headquarters in nearby Cupertino, packing two moving trucks full of documents, books, software, videotapes and marketing materials that now make up the core of Stanford's Apple Collection.

The collection, the largest assembly of Apple historical materials, can help historians, entrepreneurs and policymakers understand how a startup launched in a Silicon Valley garage became a global technology giant.

"Through this one collection you can trace out the evolution of the personal computer," said Stanford historian Leslie Berlin. "These sorts of documents are as close as you get to the unmediated story of what really happened."

The collection is stored in hundreds of boxes taking up more than 600 feet of shelf space at the Stanford's off-campus storage facility. The Associated Press visited the climate-controlled warehouse on the outskirts of the San Francisco Bay area, but agreed not to disclose its location.

Interest in Apple and its founder has grown dramatically since Jobs died in October at age 56, just weeks after he stepped down as CEO and handed the reins to Tim Cook. Jobs' death sparked an international outpouring and marked the end of an era for Apple and Silicon Valley.

"Apple as a company is in a very, very select group," said Stanford curator Henry Lowood. "It survived through multiple generations of technology. To the credit of Steve Jobs, it meant reinventing the company at several points."

Apple scrapped its own plans for a corporate museum after Jobs returned as CEO and began restructuring the financially struggling firm, Lowood said.

Job's return, more than a decade after he was forced out of the company he co-founded, marked the beginning of one of the great comebacks in business history. It led to a long string of blockbuster products ? including the iPod, iPhone and iPad ? that have made Apple one of the world's most profitable brands.

After Stanford received the Apple donation, former company executives, early employees, business partners and Mac enthusiasts have come forward and added their own items to the archives.

The collection includes early photos of young Jobs and Wozniak, blueprints for the first Apple computer, user manuals, magazine ads, TV commercials, company t-shirts and drafts of Jobs' speeches.

In one company video, Wozniak talks about how he had always wanted his own computer, but couldn't get his hands on one at a time when few computers were found outside corporations or government agencies.

"All of a sudden I realized, `Hey microprocessors all of a sudden are affordable. I can actually build my own,'" Wozniak says. "And Steve went a little further. He saw it as a product you could actually deliver, sell and someone else could use."

The pair also talk about the company's first product, the Apple I computer, which went on sale in July 1976 for $666.66.

"Remember an Apple I was not particularly useable for too much, but it was so incredible to have your own computer," Jobs says. "It was kind of an embarkation point from the way computers had been going in these big steel boxes with switches and lights."

Among the other items in the Apple Collection:

? Thousands of photos by photographer Douglas Menuez, who documented Jobs' years at NeXT Computer, which he founded in 1985 after he was pushed out of Apple.

? A company video spoofing the 1984 movie "Ghost Busters," with Jobs and other executives playing "Blue Busters," a reference to rival IBM.

? Handwritten financial records showing early sales of Apple II, one of the first mass-market computers.

? An April 1976 agreement for a $5,000 loan to Apple Computer and its three co-founders: Jobs, Wozniak and Ronald Wayne, who pulled out of the company less than two weeks after its founding.

? A 1976 letter written by a printer who had just met Jobs and Wozniak and warns his colleagues about the young entrepreneurs: "This joker (Jobs) is going to be calling you ... They are two guys, they build kits, operate out of a garage."

The archive shows the Apple founders were far ahead of their time, Lowood said.

"What they were doing was spectacularly new," he said. "The idea of building computers out of your garage and marketing them and thereby creating a successful business ? it just didn't compute for a lot of people."

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/applecomputer/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20111229/ap_on_hi_te/us_apple_archives

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E! president: Fans aspire to be like Kardashians

E! President Suzanne Kolb owes much of her network's success this year to an extremely divisive family.

Hours of Kardashian-centered programming -- especially Kim Kardashian's start of a notoriously short marriage -- fueled ratings for the network that Kolb took over the network in July after serving as president of marketing, news and online for both E! and Style.

Kolb talked to us about the Kardashians, why people watch their shows, E!'s plans to introduce a one-hour dramedy and the network's place in the NBC Universal corporate family since Comcast acquired the company in January.

You've probably seen as much research as anyone into why the Kardashians are so popular with so many viewers. Can you explain why people watch their shows?

At their core, the Kardashians are an incredibly bonded, loving, large family who live an incredibly large life. And if you actually look at the history of television, there's a pretty large number of families with that blend resonating with viewers. This just happens to be the first reality show that does it.

In many ways when you look at the year ... there's obviously been a lot of major events in the Kardashian family's lives. It's just an incredibly fascinating drama that's played out. But at its core, you know that they're going to end up around that dinner table together. ... I think there's something emotionally aspirational around that family dynamic and visually aspirational about the way that family lives.

You mentioned aspirational viewers. Some viewers watch shows because they want to be like the people on the screen, and some to laugh at them. Are the Kardashians' viewers in the first group?

From every piece of research I've seen, people aspire to be them or to befriend them.

So there's no section of the audience watching the way they watch "Real Housewives," saying, 'I can't believe how trashy this is'?

I'm sure there are some people out there. I always think it's funny when people say they don't like a show and then they can tell you the name of every character and every plot. ... There are other reality shows out there where you're watching the show primarily to see really bad behavior, and with the Kardashians you're not really watching for that.

I mean, they've definitely made their mistakes here or there. They've been very open about them in the last couple of months... But you don't watch for them to have bad behavior. You watch for sort of over-the-top situations and really a very soapy family dynamic. Nobody's flipping a table.

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Did you take seriously the petition to cancel the Kardashian shows?

We take every viewer comment seriously, but no. We did not consider not to be in business with the Kardashians.

What's your plan for getting into scripted programming?

We are not expecting the scripted shows to actually premiere until 2013. 2012 will be our year of developing and piloting to select at least one scripted show to go on the air in '13...We're trying to look at something that really fits into pop culture now and fits into that landscape. We're not necessarily looking for anything that's extremely on the nose of Hollywood celebrity. We're looking at a broader range than I think some people might think we're looking at...We're looking at starting a 60 minute [show] as our ideal scenario and we're looking at kind of a dramedy. I don't think we'd put anything on the air that's super, super dark..."

Do you think E! has become a proving ground for NBC, given the sitcom based on "Chelsea Lately" host Chelsea Handler and Joel McHale of "The Soup" starring on "Community"?

You can add Whitney Cummings to that list too, as one of the people who was on the "Chelsea" roundtable. I think that's actually a sign of E!'s ability to be at the forefront of what's going on in terms of pop culture and talent. Yes, we cover many of the people that have already become established. But we also take gambles on people earlier in their careers and see what happens from there.

What I think is the nicest part is these people are able to expand their careers without leaving their home base. Joel McHale has gone into "Community," which is great, and we're happy for him. But he still does "The Soup" and "The Soup" is thriving. Chelsea is expanding what she's doing and at the same time we've just ensured that she'll be doing "Chelsea Lately" for several years to come.

We've got a track record for finding talent and then we have a track record of keeping them as their careers are still growing.

What are your other goals for E!?

We're definitely looking ahead to expand and move it to an entirely new level and take advantage of this momentum that we have at the end of 2011. What you're going to see in 2012 is us taking steps toward that... Moving "The Soup" to Wednesdays after 7 years on Friday is a big step for us. I think you'll continue to see us nurture "Chelsea Lately" and "Fashion Police" and news, and at the same time I think you'll see us continue to look and I believe find the right companion to build upon the Kardashian momentum.

Sometimes when people talk about where a network can grow or evolve, there's this belief that somehow that comes from a point of weakness. And I think on E! right now, what I'm really proud of is we have so many things that are working. And then to have the opportunity corporately to feel like you've got a window of time where people will support more dramatic growth, then that's an exciting point to be at.

Copyright 2011 Thomson Reuters. Click for restrictions.

Source: http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/45814867/ns/today-entertainment/

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Friday, December 30, 2011

Trade finance grows in 2011 | Business | The Phnom Penh Post ...


Some of Cambodia?s banks this week noted a sizeable jump in trade financing in 2011, pointing to the Kingdom?s resurgent economy after the global financial crisis.

But the banks also said many Cambodian businesses still were unaware of the financing services available to them.

ACLEDA Bank, the Kingdom?s largest, experienced a 20 per cent jump in trade financing to US$40 million for the year, with imports accounting for 70 per cent of the total, according to ACLEDA executive vice-president So Phonnary.

?We noticed a lot of our agricultural products were recognised globally this year, so we needed to import more equipment to increase our export capacity,? she said.

The agro-processing sector was one of ACLEDA?s biggest customers in 2011, as the need for increased capacity had driven an increase in trade financing, So Phonnary said.

ANZ Royal Bank CEO Stephen Higgins said his company?s clients also sought out higher levels of financing.

?Our trade-finance revenues are significantly higher than the previous year, as we have signed many new customers, and our existing customers have been more active,? Higgins said, adding that most funding went to imports, given the country?s import-heavy economy.

Kookmin Bank Cambodia had collected as much as 143 per cent more in trade financing fees in 2011 than the year before, executive vice-president Kim Eung Nam said.

These banks offered services such as payment and shipping guarantees, as well as letters of credit, that helped streamline the import-export process, the bankers said.

They also removed the risk of dealing with unknown business partners in other countries by keeping the transaction between each trade party?s respective bank.

Even so, many Cambodian firms were not taking advantage of these services, the bankers said.

?I don?t think local businessmen are aware of the benefits,? Outh Renne, managing director of rice miller Mega Green Imex Cambodia, said, adding that some companies did not know such services existed.

?It helps us a lot in planning our business and in preparing paperwork for our foreign partners. It also helps us to avoid risk,? he said.

National Bank of Cambodia director-general and spokeswoman Nguon Sokha yesterday highlighted the differences between trade financing and traditional loans.

Although traditional loans demanded collateral and contained strict lending guidelines, trade financing required only a clear business plan and company structure and sound financial reports, she said.

Nguon Sokha said the take-up of trade financing had increased over the past few years, but there was still plenty of room for growth. ?Banks need to promote it more.?


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Source: http://www.phnompenhpost.com/index.php/2011122953674/Business/trade-finance-grows-in-2011.html

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MLBreports: RT @firstbasewizard: Tim Raines for the Hall of Fame http://t.co/1hxqKMSc #Baseball

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Thursday, December 29, 2011

Comelec unseats Batangas town mayor

BATANGAS CITY ? The Commission on Elections has unseated Sto. Tomas Mayor Renato Federico over a technicality but was still unclear as to what this was.

Supporters of Federico are now massing outside the municipal hall to block the implementation of the Comelec order.

Federico, in a phone interview, said he would not step down and would give an official statement at 11 a.m.Tuesday from his office.

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Source: http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/117885/comelec-unseats-batangas-town-mayor

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Wall Street wary ahead of the new year

By Reuters

U.S. stocks may open slightly higher Wednesday in what looks to be another low-volume session, with investors waiting for the start of 2012 before betting on risky assets.

Equities ended mostly unchanged on Tuesday on about half of the year's daily average volume as investors paused following a 5 percent gain in the previous week. Markets may continue to struggle for direction, with no major economic indicators on tap or S&P 500 companies scheduled to report quarterly results until January.

European shares were modestly higher on light volume, rising 0.5 percent after short-term Italian debt costs were cut in half at an auction, which improved confidence about demand for Thursday's Italian long-term bond sale.

"This portends good news and is a positive as the European Union tries to become more stable," said Tim Speiss, head of personal wealth advisors at EisnerAmper in New York. "However, with the limited participation, I still expect today to be fairly quiet and flat."

Wall Street movements have been closely correlated to European markets in recent weeks as the region deals with a debt crisis, but the problems have receded into the background with the lack of new developments. Still, any sign of improving conditions could spur further gains, with the light volume amplifying any moves.

S&P 500 futures rose 3.2 points and were above fair value, a formula that evaluates pricing by taking into account interest rates, dividends and time to expiration on the contract. Dow Jones industrial average futures added 22 points, and Nasdaq 100 futures put on 5 points.

For the year, the Dow is up 6.2 percent, while the S&P is up 0.6 percent, and the Nasdaq is down 1 percent.

Energy shares may be in focus after Iran's navy chief said it would be "easier than drinking a glass of water" for Iran to close off the Strait of Hormuz, and choke off oil supplies, if foreign sanctions are tightened.

"While OPEC has already offered to step in and make up for any shortfall, meaning we may not see an impact in prices for a while, this brings up the issue of stability in the Middle East, so it could be very significant," Speiss said. "A disruption of oil shipments globally could have a significant impact on prices."

U.S. crude futures fell 0.6 percent, while Brent crude was off 1 percent.

U.S. stocks ended flat on Tuesday after fluctuating between small gains and losses in light volume as investors took a breather following last week's rally. A stronger-than-expected reading on consumer confidence added credence to the idea that the economy was growing faster than previously thought.

Copyright 2011 Thomson Reuters. Click for restrictions.

Source: http://bottomline.msnbc.msn.com/_news/2011/12/28/9765894-wall-street-wary-ahead-of-the-new-year

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Wednesday, December 28, 2011

tanman9: #NAHL 12/31: New Mexico Mustangs VS. Amarillo Bulls 7:00 PM, Wichita Falls Wildcats VS. Corpus Christi Icerays 7:05 PM

Twitter / Tanner Wilson: #NAHL 12/31: New Mexico Mu ... Loader 12/31: New Mexico Mustangs VS. Amarillo Bulls 7:00 PM, Wichita Falls Wildcats VS. Corpus Christi Icerays 7:05 PM

Source: http://twitter.com/tanman9/statuses/151370936254349312

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Russia taps new military spymaster

Russia appointed Major General Igor Sergun as the new chief of the GRU military intelligence service, the country's biggest espionage agency, Russian news agencies quoted a Defence Ministry spokesperson as saying on Monday. No other details were given about the new head of the GRU, an organisation so secretive it has neither a spokesperson nor a website.

The state-run newspaper Rossiiskaya Gazeta described Sergun as a career spy and cited sources as saying he had served as deputy to the outgoing GRU chief Alexander Shlyakhturov.

Defence Ministryspokesperson Igor Konashenkov told Interfax that Shlyakhturov, 64, was removed after reaching retirement age for military servicemen. The Kommersant newspaper, citing unidentified sources on Saturday, said Shlyakhturov, who was appointed by President Dmitry Medvedev in April 2009, had left his post to head the board of OAO Korporatsiya MIT, which develops nuclear missiles. Russian military intelligence service, known by its Russian acronym GRU, has agents spread across the globe.

Created in 1918 under revolutionary leader Leon Trotsky, it answers to the chief of the general staff, one of the three people who control Russia's portable nuclear briefcase. Shlyakhturov's predecessor, General Valentin Korabelnikov, was seen to have been dismissed for opposing Kremlin-backed military reforms.

But Shlyakhturov is viewed as an ally of Defence Minister Anatoly Serdyukov, who has cut the number of
servicemen and reorganised the armed forces command. Unlike the Soviet-era KGB secret police, GRU was not split up when the Soviet Union collapsed although the organisation has lost turf wars with the KGB's main successor, the FSB, over recent years, according to local media. Russia's most powerful man, Vladimir Putin, served as a KGB spy in East Germany in the 1980s and later became director of
the FSB. In 2006 he visited the new Moscow headquarters of GRU, where he was shown shooting a pistol on a firing range.

Source: http://www.dnaindia.com/world/report_russia-taps-new-military-spymaster_1630374

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Tuesday, December 27, 2011

Florida Helicopter Crash: 3 Killed Medical Chopper Crash

Medical Helicopter Crashes in Green Cove Springs, Florida

A medical helicopter, en route from the Mayo Clinic to the University of Florida in Gainesville has crashed in Cove Springs, Florida on December 26, 2011. The pilot and two passengers were killed in the crash.

The Bell 206 helicopter is owned by SK Jets in St. Augustine, and chartered to the Mayo Clinic. Its aircraft tail number was N5016. The chopper was on its way to pick up a heart scheduled for transplant.

The helicopter, which had not filed a flight plan, failed to show up at the Shands Medical Center at University of Florida. The wreckage was spotted by another helicopter.

The Mayo Clinic confirmed the helicopter was sent to pick up a heart from Shands at the University of Florida but never arrived.

The FAA will investigate the crash, whose cause is not immediately known.


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Source: http://www.nowpublic.com/world/florida-helicopter-crash-3-killed-medical-chopper-crash-2873475.html

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Dec. 26, 2011: University Closed for Winter Break

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Source: http://www.wiu.edu/wiucalendar/index.sphp?id=19161

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Monday, December 26, 2011

iPh0ne_: RT @KiernanProud: Apple's homepage is the Santa ad.

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Report: Chinese activist charged with subversion (AP)

BEIJING ? A veteran Chinese activist has been charged with subversion, a human rights group said Saturday, after another dissident was jailed for nine years in a crackdown aimed at preventing Arab Spring-style democratic uprisings.

Chen Xi was arrested Nov. 29 and charged Friday in the southern province of Guizhou, the Information Center for Human Rights and Democracy said. The Hong Kong-based center said Chen, who left prison in 2005 after serving a 10-year sentence, was accused of writing 30 essays that incited subversion.

A man who answered the phone at the Guiyang Intermediate People's Court said he had no information about the case.

On Friday, activist Chen Wei was sentenced to nine years, also on subversion charges.

Communist leaders launched a sweeping effort to crush dissent early this year in response to anonymous online calls urging Chinese to imitate protests that toppled governments in North Africa and the Middle East.

Human rights activists have criticized the ruling party's use of vague subversion laws to jail its critics. Authorities began using the subversion law against activists after repealing a widely criticized law on counterrevolutionary activities.

Chen Xi, 57, was active in the 1989 Tiananmen Square pro-democracy protests and was sentenced to three years in prison, the Information Center said in a statement. It said he was jailed for 10 years in 1995 on charges of counterrevolutionary offenses.

After his release, Chen was the first activist to sign the Charter 08 manifesto calling for an end to one-party rule and advocating democratic reforms, according to the Information Center.

The charter's co-author, Liu Xiaobo, who also is imprisoned on subversion charges, was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize last year for his pro-democracy activism.

Also this week, a government conference on politics and law called for a struggle against "hostile forces at home and abroad" and "illegal religious activities" next year, according to the Information Center, which is run by a mainland activist who lives in Hong Kong.

"Human rights conditions will continue to worsen next year," the Information Center said.

"Human rights conditions will continue to worsen next year," the center said.

China's communist leadership was spooked early this year when online messages called for a Chinese "Jasmine Revolution," the name of the uprising in Tunisia.

Even though few outright demonstrators responded to the protest calls, China launched one of its broadest campaigns of repression in years, rounding up dozens of bloggers, lawyers and intellectuals. Most have since been released.

Others rounded up include Beijing activist Wang Lihong, who was sentenced to nine months in jail in September for staging a protest on behalf of other activists, and Yang Qiuyu, a Beijing activist who was sentenced to two years of re-education through labor.

Chen Wei's sentence appears to be the heaviest meted out in the crackdown, said Wang Songlian, a researcher with Chinese Human Rights Defenders, a Hong Kong-based advocacy group.

Chen Wei, 42, previously served time for participating in the 1989 protests and was sentenced to five years in 1994 for "counterrevolutionary propaganda and incitement."

Amnesty International called for Chen Wei's release, saying his sentence was "clearly retaliation" for his criticism of the Communist Party.

___

Associated Press writer Gillian Wong contributed.

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/asia/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20111224/ap_on_re_as/as_china_human_rights

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Sunday, December 25, 2011

Politifact sees excise taxes as costing jobs

posted at 1:15 pm on December 24, 2011 by Jazz Shaw

Even while more fiscally conservative plans have been producing results in red and blue states alike, (see Texas and New Jersey) an attempt to restructure the tax code in Georgia seems to have fallen flat. Gov. Nathan Deal was on track for a new plan earlier this year to, ?Broaden the tax base! Flatten the tax rates! Cut income taxes for everybody!? But it?s not going to happen. So what went wrong?

The tax reform campaign appeared to be an unstoppable juggernaut that would roll through the General Assembly and drop a bright, shiny bill on the desk of Gov. Nathan Deal for his signature.

The only problem was, reality intervened.

A major part of the tax revision proposal involved the elimination of most of the tax breaks and exemptions that had been granted over the years to various businesses and special interest groups. Corporate lobbyists quickly made it clear that they weren?t going to sit still and allow that to happen.

?We got out-lobbied,? said A.D. Frazier, the retired banker who chaired a study council that drafted the tax revision plan. ?It was as simple as that.?

So it was back to the drawing board. An alternate plan was developed which was supposed to anger less people, but would make up for lost revenue by bringing back the state sales tax on food and jack up a massive excise tax increase on cigarettes. Regular readers already know that we?ve covered the dismal results of high ?sin taxes? in the past, and tobacco and alcohol are the most common targets of excise taxes.

Well, Gov. Deal received a letter from Grover Norquist recently, warning him against such a move. It reads, in part:

?Last year?s target was tobacco; this year may be a repeat, or we may hear proposals for excise tax increases on alcohol or sweetened beverages,? Norquist wrote. ?Whatever the case may be, targeted excise tax increases drive commerce across state lines and hurt small businesses? bottom lines.?

If you followed the previous link to our coverage of previous tobacco tax hikes, Grover?s predictions should look familiar. After the news broke, Politifact took a look at Norquist?s claims to determine if they were true.

The question for us: Do excise tax increases, as Norquist wrote, ?drive commerce across state lines??

Excise taxes are placed on items such as cigarettes and alcohol. Most excise taxes are on cigarettes. Georgia, like most Southern states, has among the lowest excise taxes on cigarettes (37 cents a pack) in the nation. One news report earlier this said state Senate leaders are considering raising the cigarette tax by $1 a pack?

Our conclusion:

Norquist has a good argument for his basic point, based on the research we?ve seen and people we?ve interviewed. The difference in taxes between some places, however, is so large ($2.20 a pack between Washington, D.C., and Virginia) that it adds some important context to this argument. With that additional bit of information, we rate Norquist?s claim as Mostly True.

Politifact actually does make an important point about context. If the area affected by the excise tax is near a border with some other state, county or area where prices are significantly lower, people will be far more likely to take their business elsewhere, hurting small businesses and costing jobs. But what if there isn?t a nearby avenue to cheaper smokes and beer? As we?ve discovered in our previous coverage, that doesn?t mean people will just shut up and pay the tax. The Chicago example was the best one, where authorities found a vast increase in stores carrying bootleg cigarettes without tax stamps and customers purchasing those, buying over the internet, or just ?off the back of the truck.?

A rating of ?mostly true? might seem a little milquetoast, but at least they are facing up to the reality. You?re not going to fix your state?s budget woes by selective taxation under the guise of moderating people?s behavior through abuse of the tax code.

Source: http://hotair.com/archives/2011/12/24/politifact-sees-excise-taxes-as-costing-jobs/

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This Norwegian Data Center Is Built in a Cave and Cooled by Fjords [Video]

Hidden inside a Norwegian mountain, next to a cold fjord which supplies cooling water, Green Mountain is the world's most environmentally-friendly data center. It also sounds like it was built by hobbits. More »


Source: http://feeds.gawker.com/~r/gizmodo/full/~3/US1FDwiPSWA/this-norwegian-data-center-is-built-in-a-cave-and-cooled-by-fjords

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Saturday, December 24, 2011

Nun famous for kissing Elvis prays for miracle

Mother Dolores Hart is interviewed inside the Abbey of Regina Laudis monastery in Bethlehem, Conn., Thursday, Dec. 22, 2011. (AP Photo/Jessica Hill)

Mother Dolores Hart is interviewed inside the Abbey of Regina Laudis monastery in Bethlehem, Conn., Thursday, Dec. 22, 2011. (AP Photo/Jessica Hill)

Mother Dolores Hart pets a cat at the Abbey of Regina Laudis monastery in Bethlehem, Conn., Thursday, Dec. 22, 2011. (AP Photo/Jessica Hill)

Nuns in the Abbey of Regina Laudis participate in two of their seven daily prayers in their monastery in Bethlehem, Conn., Thursday, Dec. 22, 2011. (AP Photo/Jessica Hill)

Mother Dolores Hart, far right through middle window and others in the Abbey of Regina Laudis participate in two of their seven daily prayers in their monastery in Bethlehem, Conn., Thursday, Dec. 22, 2011. (AP Photo/Jessica Hill)

Mother Dolores Hart, right, participates in two of seven daily prayers in the Abbey of Regina Laudis monastery in Bethlehem, Conn., Thursday, Dec. 22, 2011. (AP Photo/Jessica Hill)

(AP) ? In the little town of Bethlehem, a cloistered nun whose luminous blue eyes entranced Elvis Presley in his first on-screen movie kiss is praying for a Christmas miracle.

Dolores Hart, who walked away from Hollywood stardom in 1963 to become a nun in rural Bethlehem, Conn., now finds herself back in the spotlight. But this time it's all about serving the King of Kings, not smooching the King of Rock and Roll.

The former brass factory that houses Mother Dolores and about 40 other nuns cloistered at the Abbey of Regina Laudis needs millions of dollars in renovations to meet fire and safety codes, add an elevator and make handicap accessibility upgrades.

Like 73-year-old Mother Dolores, the order's nuns have taken a vow of stability with the intent to live, work and die at the complex. The order was established in 1947 in Bethlehem, a small burg in Connecticut's rolling western hills.

Now, the historically self-supporting nuns have launched a fundraiser for the $4 million renovation project dubbed "New Horizons." They don't have much money, but they have Mother Dolores: a starlet-turned-supplicant whose unique story might lure the attention and donations of generations of movie fans, particularly those who adore all things Elvis.

"This work may not be in my lifetime that it's finished, but we're sure trying," Mother Dolores said of the upgrades, which are budgeted to run about $2 million for the fire code and accessibility compliance work and another $2 million for improvements to the housing and other facilities.

They hope to break ground in January.

They're not in imminent danger of needing to move out, but many of the older nuns can no longer navigate the narrow steps to the main building's third floor and must live in another building. And without adequate fire escapes, the monastery has caught the eye of local inspectors, though they've worked closely with the nuns on the improvement plans and haven't ordered them to close the building.

For Mother Dolores, the monastery has been home since she was a 24-year-old actress in 1963 and walked away from Hollywood for a life of contemplation and prayer as a postulant.

The abbey's chapel, workshops, livestock pastures and other features are part of her soul now, and its wood-paneled monastery is the only home she's known for 50 years. Its theater holds a special place in her heart, harkening to the former career that landed her on talk shows, in magazines and twice as Elvis Presley's co-star.

Dolores Hart was a vivacious, quick-witted blond starlet when she charmed Hollywood in the 1950s and early 1960s. She shared a kiss with Presley in the 1957 Paramount film, "Loving You" ? a modest liplock over which Mother Dolores still fields frequent questions about whether the King was a good kisser.

"I don't know why they ask me. It's right there on the screen to see; it's right there for the looking," she said Thursday.

Hart acted in 10 movies alongside stars including Montgomery Clift, Myrna Loy, Connie Francis and Anthony Quinn.

She said she was engaged to be married before joining God's service and leaving the acting world behind. She broke off her engagement, though her fiance remained a close friend and was a frequent visitor and supporter of the abbey until his recent death.

The nuns also received support and help over the years from Mother Dolores' longtime friend and fellow actress Patricia Neal, who was buried at the abbey after her death in August 2010.

Mother Dolores is still a voting member of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, receiving copies of movies to watch in her small room ? or cell, as they're known in the order ? to help select yearly Oscar winners.

Her own movies, including the highly popular "Where the Boys Are," were made before stars routinely could negotiate to collect later royalties, she said, so that's not a potential source of income for the upgrades to the abbey.

The abbey is financially independent from the Archdiocese of Hartford and supports itself through the sale of everything from artisan cheeses and hand-crafted pottery to recordings of its choir. Mother Dolores even recently signed autographs at a New Jersey convention, a rare foray out of cloistered life as a favor for a friend, and one that helped boost the fundraising efforts.

Sister Angele Arbib, a coordinator of the New Horizons renovation and fundraising efforts, said the order is applying for grants and the nuns are trying to spread the word among the abbey's supporters, but are not disclosing publicly how much they've raised so far.

Unlike some orders, the Abbey of Regina Laudis has retained a steady number of nuns and new postulants, including two starting in the next few weeks ? but that can't continue if the housing and other facilities keep eroding with age.

"We have focused on building our community, which has been wonderful, but now it's time that we really have to address our space," said Sister Angele, 63, who left a thriving career of managing opera singers when she was 50 to join the order.

"None of this, not one single thing we're doing, is an extravagance," she said of the upgrades. "It's to make it possible for us to grow, for the elderly among us to live with as much independence as possible and to allow us to live together in surroundings that let us continue our service."

Sister Angele said the nuns are not in any imminent danger of needing to move out, though she acknowledges they'd be in dire straits if they had not anticipated the problems early enough to prepare the upgrade plans and launch the fundraising efforts.

As word has spread of their needs, supporters of the nuns and those who've visited the abbey, prayed in its chapel and picked up items in its gift shop have tried to help in ways of their own.

Liz Carpenter, a Watertown resident who owns the Children's Dance Workshop, said its children have raised $600 to help through a raffle. She's been a grateful supporter since the nuns helped her through a cancer battle about 10 years ago and now volunteers to clean the church once a week.

"I wanted to teach the kids that it's important to give back," she said of their fundraiser, "especially for a place that does as many wonderful things as this one does."

__

Tax-deductible donations to New Horizons may be sent to the Abbey of Regina Laudis, 73 Flanders Road, Bethlehem, Conn., 06751. The order also plans to soon offer online donation services through its website, www.http://www.abbeyofreginalaudis.com.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/4e67281c3f754d0696fbfdee0f3f1469/Article_2011-12-23-Elvis%20and%20the%20Nun/id-44bea17e0739430bb0ca99db1c0ec26c

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Source: http://twitter.com/feltbeats/statuses/149705512433369088

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Friday, December 23, 2011

Video: Harry Wilson Talks Politics

Insight on the race for the White House in 2012, with Harry Wilson, former sr. advisor to the Treasury Department under President Obama. "What we're seeing in Washington is a total failure in fiscal issues," he says.

Related Links:

Business & financial news headlines from msnbc.com

Source: http://video.msnbc.msn.com/cnbc/45749590/

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Neurons Offer Clues to Suicide

Head Lines | Mind & Brain Cover Image: November 2011 Scientific American MagazineSee Inside

People who kill themselves have more of a type of neuron important for social emotions

The long cell in the middle is a characteristic von Economo neuron.* Image: Courtesy of Elisabeth Petrasch-Parwez Ruhr University Bochum

A certain type of brain cell may be linked with suicide, according to a recent investigation. People who take their own lives have more densely packed von Economo neurons, large spindle-shaped cells that have dramatically increased in density over the course of human evolution.

Researchers in Germany analyzed the roots of suicide in the brain by focusing on a neural network linked with psychological pain, which includes regions such as the anterior cingulate cortex and the anterior insula, where von Economo neurons are concentrated. These cells bear receptors for neuro?transmitters that help to regulate emotion, such as dopamine, serotonin and vasopressin. Because they are found in highly gregarious animals such as whales, elephants and apes?with humans possessing the highest densities?scientists believe they might specifically deal with complex social emotions such as shame.

The team compared the density of von Economo neurons in nine patients who died from suicide and 30 who died of natural causes, such as heart failure. All subjects had been diagnosed clinically with either schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. The researchers found the density of these neurons was significantly greater in those who died of suicide than in those who had not, regardless of what disorder they had. Evolutionary psychiatrist and neuroscientist Martin Br?ne of University Hospital Bochum and his colleagues detailed these findings online June 22 in PLoS ONE.

If von Economo neurons do play a role in processing complex emotions such as empathy, guilt and shame, an overabundance may in some cases trigger emotional disturbances, potentially explaining the link seen with suicidal behavior, Br?ne says. He adds that high densities of von Economo neurons do not necessarily cause suicide: ?Having good empathetic abilities is certainly something that is advantageous in most situations but perhaps can have deleterious effects under very specific circumstances.? Future insights into the role of these cells in emotion and cognition might lead to ways of addressing suicidal tendencies, he says.

*Correction (11/1/11): The image in this story was changed after posting because the original did not display von Economo neurons.


Source: http://rss.sciam.com/click.phdo?i=6313b53c8dbf82131b25250763392798

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Thursday, December 22, 2011

Europe fights to save cap-and-trade as crisis hits (AP)

BRUSSELS ? Europe's main weapon in the battle against climate change is now fighting for its own survival.

In early January, investors in the continent's cap-and-trade system still had to pay some euro14 ($18.30) for the right to emit one ton of carbon dioxide into the air. By last week, the price of one emission allowance had tumbled to a meager euro6.41 ? making it much cheaper to pollute and slashing the financial incentives for companies to invest in low-carbon technologies.

Analysts warn that the prospect of another recession in the debt-ridden continent, and the accompanying decline in emissions, could push prices below euro2 by the end of next month.

The troubles in the carbon market, a system being watched closely from California to China, is linked to the struggles of Europe' other ambitious project, the euro. And just as financial investors have looked to the European Central Bank to save the currency through massive intervention in the bond markets, analysts say the emissions market may need similar centralized help.

Last week, 19 companies, including oil giant Royal Dutch Shell PLC, Philips Electronics NV and supermarket chain Tesco PLC, sent a letter to the European Commission urging it to reduce the number of emission allowances in the system and figure out how to protect the market from future economic shocks. The commission and national governments jointly manage the cap-and-trade system.

"The lower price is really undermining the development of technologies that will be needed in the decades to come," said David Hone, Shell's climate change adviser.

Shell, which is mostly known for selling oil and gas, has been one of the pioneers of carbon capture and storage, projects in which CO2 emissions are stored underground so they don't get released into the atmosphere and contribute to global warming. But investing in new technologies like carbon capture and storage only becomes commercially viable at a carbon price of between euro25 and euro30, Hone said.

"Over the last few months, we have seen some of these projects disappear," he added.

In October, the U.K. government shut down the carbon capture project in Longannet in eastern Scotland in which Shell was one of the partners.

While the prospect of another recession is the main reason for the recent drop in carbon prices, experts say that ? just like with the euro ? serious flaws in the system are exacerbating the problems and could lead to its failure if they can't be fixed.

The economic crisis has lowered emissions and thus hit the price of carbon allowances. But the drop has been so dramatic because there were too many allowances in the system to begin with.

To get industry and skeptical governments on board, the Commission set a very high cap for emissions when it launched the carbon market in 2005.

Since then, most allowances have been given out for free to the 11,000 power stations and factories covered by the system based on their historical emissions. Companies that emit less carbon dioxide than they are allowed can sell their spare permits to firms that exceed their limit. As of next year, airlines will also be included in the system.

But the big test for Europe's carbon market ? and whether it can provide the financial incentives for cutting emissions ? will come in 2013, when governments start selling a growing number of allowances at auctions.

It is before then that the Commission has to intervene, say the companies that wrote last week's letters.

There are signs that their calls are being heard.

On Tuesday, the environment committee of the European Parliament voted to withdraw some 1.4 billion allowances, about 15 percent of the total, from the carbon market between 2013 and 2020. At the same time, the committee said, the annual cap should be cut by 2.25 percent per year, rather than the 1.74 percent currently planned.

While the committee vote is the first step in a long process of changing the system and few industry watchers expect the figures to survive negotiations among EU states trying to protect their national industries, it caused carbon prices to jump more than 18 percent.

"It opens up a much deeper discussion about what does the intervention look like and when is it going to happen," says Sanjeev Kumar, an expert on carbon trading at environmental watchdog E3G in Brussels.

"Without intervention," warned Kumar, "not only the ETS is over, but Europe's climate policy is over. It will put Europe back into the dark ages."

Apart from failing to encourage the necessary cuts in emissions and technological innovation, the collapse in the carbon price could also worsen Europe's debt crisis.

Between 2013 and 2020, when companies have to pay for more and more of their allowances, the cap-and-tade system could raise as much as euro190 billion for governments across the EU if prices recover.

"This is a pretty important revenue stream for most member states," says Rob Elsworth, of climate campaign group Sandbag in London. "And they are watching revenues just disappear."

Experts like Kumar and Elsworth are hopeful that states will garner the political will to save the carbon trading system, which has pioneered the market-based approach to saving the environment.

"If you take away this green-economy narrative," asked Elsworth, "what's really left of Europe?"

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/environment/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20111221/ap_on_bi_ge/eu_carbon_trading

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Monday, December 19, 2011

Barry Bonds isn't going to prison. Is he being punished enough?

Barry Bonds, seen by many fans as having irreparably harmed baseball, is sentenced to home detention, community service, probation, and a fine. Experts call the punishment appropriate for the crime.

Major League Baseball?s home run king will not be going to prison.

Skip to next paragraph

Instead, former San Francisco Giant?s star Barry Bonds, 47, was sentenced Friday to 30 days of home confinement, two years probation, 250 hours of community service, and a $4,000 fine. And all of that was suspended pending appeal, which may take up to a year.

While many disappointed fans may see the sentence as insufficient punishment for the man they feel irreparably tarnished the image of America?s pastime, most legal experts say the sentence was correct and proportional. They remind fans that Mr. Bonds was not being judged for his years of alleged steroid use, but for the single charge of obstructing justice, a far lesser charge than perjury, over which the jury was deadlocked.

?The sentence seems reasonable under the circumstances to me,? says Kevin Johnson, dean of the UC Davis Law School. He notes that the sentence was what the probation office recommended despite federal sentencing guidelines that recommend 15 to 21 months in prison.

?The sentence was soft but fair,? adds Mark Conrad, associate professor of law and ethics at the Schools of Business, Fordham University. ?He was only convicted on one of four charges, and not the most serious perjury charges. He was convicted of misleading a grand jury ? it did not justify a 15-month jail term that the prosecutors wanted.?

Bonds, who holds what is perhaps baseball?s most coveted record ? 762 home runs ? was convicted last April on one count of obstruction of justice for being evasive before a federal grand jury eight years ago that was investigating the use of drugs in sports.

He also had been charged with several counts of perjury for allegedly lying during the grand jury?s investigation of Bay Area Laboratory Co-Operative (BALCO) in Burlingame, Calif., which sold banned substances to athletes.

Bonds?s sentence could be a harbinger of what is to come for other athletes charged in connection with drug use, say other observers.

?The sentencing of Bonds should serve as a barometer for the likes of Roger Clemens, who faces charges of lying to Congress about his use of steroids and who likely will look carefully at how Bonds was treated in assessing his own defense strategy,? says Fernando L. Aenlle-Rocha, a former federal prosecutor in the Criminal Division of the United States Attorney's Office.

The court of public opinion, meanwhile, is where Bonds has the bigger uphill battle, say public relation specialists.

?[This] ends a public relations nightmare for Bonds and baseball. Beyond the Bay Area, Bonds drew very little support due to his stunning denials and his ?I?ll beat this wrap? attitude,? says John Goodman of John Goodman PR. ?That hurt Bonds in the world of public opinion. He?s damaged goods and his marketability for endorsements and advertisements has been harmed greatly.?

He also feels the sentence will reflect badly on professional baseball.

?The wrist-slap verdict is a terrible setback for Major League Baseball, which has tried to convey a crack-down image of testing for steroids, and most recently HGH [human growth hormone]. But all the testing is meaningless if those accused can get off with easy sentencing. The average baseball fan is outraged, and feels another rich, entitled athlete got away with a crime that would have put the average guy in jail.?

But some sports writers feel that whatever fans feel, baseball has the Bonds case in its rearview mirror.

?Major League Baseball has moved on from Bonds and the BALCO case. The only question pertaining to Bonds is how long voters will wait before electing him to the Hall of Fame,? says Yahoo! Sports columnist Les Carpenter in an email. ?Baseball has been lauded for its attempts to strengthen steroid policies ? as evidenced by the pending 50-game suspension of National League MVP Ryan Braun after a random test showed high levels of testosterone.?

Source: http://rss.csmonitor.com/~r/feeds/csm/~3/Y6uc7PFCvjw/Barry-Bonds-isn-t-going-to-prison.-Is-he-being-punished-enough

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Sunday, December 18, 2011

Senate OKs $1T budget bill, payroll tax cut (AP)

WASHINGTON ? The Senate passed legislation Saturday extending a Social Security payroll tax cut and jobless benefits for just two months, handing President Barack Obama a partial victory while setting the stage for another fight in February.

It also brought a peaceful end to a year-long battle over spending by passing a $1 trillion-plus catchall budget bill that wraps together the day-to-day budgets for 10 Cabinet departments and military operations in Iraq and Afghanistan. The House passed the measure Friday, and the White House has signaled that Obama will sign it.

The renewal of the 2-percentage-point cut in the Social Security payroll tax for 160 million workers and unemployment benefits averaging about $300 a week for the additional millions of people who have been out of work for six months or more is a modest step forward for Obama's year-end jobs agenda.

As a condition for GOP support of the payroll tax measure, Obama has to accept a provision that forces him to decide within 60 days whether to approve or reject a proposed a Canada-to-Texas oil pipeline that promises thousands of jobs.

Obama didn't reference the pipeline issue in a brief appearance at the White House after the vote. He welcomed the Senate's passage of the payroll tax cut and unemployment insurance extension and said it would be "inexcusable" for Congress not to extend them for the rest of 2012 when lawmakers return from their holiday break.

The budget bill, passed 67-32, heads to the White House for Obama's signature; the payroll tax measure won a 89-10 tally that send it back to the House ? where many Republicans only reluctantly support it ? for a vote early next week.

A spokesman for House Speaker John Boehner, R-Ohio, would not predict whether the House would accept the Senate payroll tax measure, saying GOP leaders would have to discuss it with the rank and file. But Democrats assume Senate Republicans would not have allowed the short-term measure to advance without a signal from Boehner that the House would go along.

Democratic and GOP leaders opted for the short-term extension of the payroll tax and jobless benefits measure after failing to agree on big enough spending cuts to pay for a full-year renewal. The measure also provides a 60-day reprieve from a scheduled 27 percent cut in the fees paid to doctors who treat Medicare patients.

The $33 billion cost of the measure would be covered by raising fees on new mortgages backed by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.

The fees, drawn from a Treasury Department housing finance market reform plan, would effectively raise the interest rate on home loans guaranteed by the mortgage giants and the Federal Housing Administration by one-tenth of a percentage point.

The idea is to open up the market to private companies currently priced out by the implicit subsidies of Fannie and Freddie.

The White House says the fee would increase the monthly cost of a typical $220,000 mortgage by almost $15 a month. Over 30 years, the fees would increase the total cost of such a mortgage by more than $5,000.

In contrast, a worker making a $100,000 salary would reap a tax cut of about $330 through the two-month extension of the payroll tax cut. A worker with a typical $50,000 salary would get just a $165 tax cut.

Officials said that in private talks, the two sides had hoped to reach agreement on the full one-year extension of the payroll tax cut and unemployment benefits that Obama had made the centerpiece of the jobs program he submitted to Congress last fall.

Those efforts failed when the two sides could not agree on enough offsetting cuts to blunt the measure's impact on the debt.

The failure tees up the issue again for early next year, but it won't get any easier to agree on spending cuts.

Neither House Speaker Boehner nor his aides participated in the negotiations, although McConnell said he was optimistic about the measure's chances for final approval. The payroll tax cut is unpopular in GOP ranks and another vote in two months could present a headache for GOP leaders.

On the controversial Keystone XL pipeline, the legislation requires the president to grant a permit unless he makes a determination that it is "not in the national interest." One senior administration official said the president would almost certainly refuse to grant a permit. The official was not authorized to speak publicly.

The White House on Friday backed away from Obama's earlier threat to veto any bill that linked the payroll tax cut extension with a Republican demand for a speedy decision on the proposed 1,700-mile pipeline. Obama said on Dec. 7 that "any effort to try to tie Keystone to the payroll tax cut I will reject. So everybody should be on notice."

The president recently announced he was postponing a decision on the much-studied pipeline until after the 2012 election. Environmentalists oppose the project, but several unions support it. The legislation puts the president in the uncomfortable position of having to choose between customary political allies.

The State Department, in an analysis released this summer, said the pipeline project would create up to 6,000 jobs during construction, while developer TransCanada put the total at 20,000 in direct employment.

The pipeline would carry oil from western Canada to Texas Gulf Coast refineries, passing through Montana, South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas and Oklahoma.

The spending bill locks in spending cuts that conservative Republicans won from the White House and Democrats earlier in the year.

Republicans also won their fight to block new federal regulations for light bulb energy efficiency, coal dust in mines and clean water permits for construction of timber roads.

The White House turned back GOP attempts to block limits on greenhouse gases, mountaintop removal mining and hazardous emissions from utility plants, industrial boilers and cement kilns.

___

Associated Press writers David Espo, Alan Fram, Donna Cassata and Jim Kuhnhenn contributed to this report.

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/economy/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20111217/ap_on_bi_ge/us_congress_rdp

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HBT: Bonds to be sentenced for obstruction of justice

Barry Bonds finds out the penalty for minor hemming and hawing today, as he will be sentenced in U.S. Federal court for his April conviction.

Most likely: probation in the form of house arrest. I?m assuming his house is pretty nice, though. ?But that?s what other athletes in the BALCO case have gotten for single-count convictions. The feds want him to do hard time, but it just ain?t gonna happen.

But no matter what happens, this should serve as a lesson to all of you: don?t ramble for a minute before answering a question. Ever.

Source: http://hardballtalk.nbcsports.com/2011/12/16/barry-bonds-to-be-sentenced-today/related/

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Saturday, December 17, 2011

Genome tree of life is largest yet for seed plants

Friday, December 16, 2011

Scientists at the American Museum of Natural History, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, The New York Botanical Garden, and New York University have created the largest genome-based tree of life for seed plants to date. Their findings, published today in the journal PLoS Genetics, plot the evolutionary relationships of 150 different species of plants based on advanced genome-wide analysis of gene structure and function. This new approach, called "functional phylogenomics," allows scientists to reconstruct the pattern of events that led to the vast number of plant species and could help identify genes used to improve seed quality for agriculture.

"Ever since Darwin first described the 'abominable mystery' behind the rapid explosion of flowering plants in the fossil record, evolutionary biologists have been trying to understand the genetic and genomic basis of the astounding diversity of plant species," said Rob DeSalle, a corresponding author on the paper and a curator in the Museum's Division of Invertebrate Zoology who conducts research at the Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics. "Having the architecture of this plant tree of life allows us to start to decipher some of the interesting aspects of evolutionary innovations that have occurred in this group."

The research, performed by members of the New York Plant Genomics Consortium, was funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) Plant Genome Program to identify the genes that caused the evolution of seeds, a trait of important economic interest. The group selected 150 representative species from all of the major seed plant groups to include in the study. The species span from the flowering variety?peanuts and dandelions, for example?to non-flowering cone plants like spruce and pine. The sequences of the plants' genomes?all of the biological information needed to build and maintain an organism, encoded in DNA?were either culled from pre-existing databases or generated, in the field and at The New York Botanical Garden in the Bronx, from live specimens.

With new algorithms developed at the Museum and NYU and the processing power of supercomputers at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory and overseas, the sequences?nearly 23,000 sets of genes (specific sections of DNA that code for certain proteins)?were grouped, ordered, and organized in a tree according to their evolutionary relationships. Algorithms that determine similarities of biological processes were used to identify the genes underlying species diversity.

"Previously, phylogenetic trees were constructed from standard sets of genes and were used to identify the relationships of species," said Gloria Coruzzi, a professor in New York University's Center for Genomics and Systems Biology and the principal investigator of the NSF grant. "In our novel approach, we create the phylogeny based on all the genes in a genome, and then use the phylogeny to identify which genes provide positive support for the divergence of species."

The results support major hypotheses about evolutionary relationships in seed plants. The most interesting finding is that gnetophytes, a group that consists mostly of shrubs and woody vines, are the most primitive living non-flowering seed plants?present since the late Mesozoic era, the "age of dinosaurs." They are situated at the base of the evolutionary tree of seed plants.

"This study resolves the long-standing problem of producing an unequivocal evolutionary tree of the seed plants," said Dennis Stevenson, vice president for laboratory research at The New York Botanical Garden. "We can then use this information to determine when and where important adaptations occur and how they relate to plant diversification. We also can examine the evolution of such features as drought tolerance, disease resistance, or crop yields that sustain human life through improved agriculture."

In addition, the researchers were able to make predictions about genes that caused the evolution of important plant characteristics. One such evolutionary signal is RNA interference, a process that cells use to turn down or silence the activity of specific genes. Based on their new phylogenomic maps, the researchers believe that RNA interference played a large role in the separation of monocots?plants that have a single seed leaf, including orchids, rice, and sugar cane?from other flowering plants. Even more surprising, RNA interference also played a major role in the emergence of flowering plants themselves.

"Genes required for the production of small RNA in seeds were at the very top of the list of genes responsible for the evolution of flowering plants from cone plants," said Rob Martienssen, a professor at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. "In collaboration with colleagues from LANGEBIO [Laboratorio Nacional de Genomica para la Biodiversidad] in Mexico last year, we found that these same genes control maternal reproduction, providing remarkable insight into the evolution of reproductive strategy in flowering plants."

The data and software resources generated by the researchers are publicly available and will allow other comparative genomic researchers to exploit plant diversity to identify genes associated with a trait of interest or agronomic value. These studies could have implications for improving the quality of seeds and, in turn, agricultural products ranging from food to clothing.

In addition, the phylogenomic approach used in this study could be applied to other groups of organisms to further explore how species originated, expanded, and diversified.

"The collaboration among the institutions involved here is a great example of how modern science works," said Sergios-Orestis Kolokotronis, a term assistant professor at Columbia University's Barnard College and a research associate at the Museum's Sackler Institute. "Each of the four institutions involved has its own strengths and these strengths were nicely interwoven to produce a novel vision of plant evolution."

###

American Museum of Natural History: http://www.amnh.org

Thanks to American Museum of Natural History for this article.

This press release was posted to serve as a topic for discussion. Please comment below. We try our best to only post press releases that are associated with peer reviewed scientific literature. Critical discussions of the research are appreciated. If you need help finding a link to the original article, please contact us on twitter or via e-mail.

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Source: http://www.labspaces.net/116103/Genome_tree_of_life_is_largest_yet_for_seed_plants

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